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March 29

March 29, 2012 – Newsies: The Musical Officially Opens on Broadway

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“Here the material – suggested by Manhattan’s Newsboy Strike of 1899 – proves more suited to the stage than to the screen.”

On March 29, 2012, the Broadway musical Newsies officially opened after a week of previews that began on March 15 at the Nederlander Theater. The musical was based on the 1992 cult Disney film, it was adapted for the stage by Harvey Fierstein, Alan Menken, and Jack Feldman, and directed by Jeff Calhoun. The opening night was a star-studded spectacle, with greeters dressed as Newsies and handing out souvenir newspapers. Special guests included actors from the original film, (Max Casella), Broadway stars (Orfeh, Melissa van der Schyff), and other well-known actors and entertainers (Marilu Henner, Tommy Tune). The cast was also on hand to celebrate the opening night, as were the team of Fierstein, Menken, and Feldman. Critics were mostly positive in their reviews of the show.

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March 28

March 28, 1987 – The First Disney Store Opens

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“Disney Store is your destination for the latest selection of exclusive and authentic Disney merchandise.”

On March 28, 1987, the first Disney Store opened in California’s Glendale Galleria. Disney had never sold products in an official store before this, save for the Disney Parks. The idea of the store came from CEO Michael Eisner and President Frank Wells, as they felt that they were missing an opportunity of selling merchandise to consumers that wouldn’t necessarily make it to the parks. The concept was not only a successfully one, but it was soon copied by other studios, including Warner Brothers. The 50th store was opened just a little over two years later, with the first overseas store opening in London in November of 1990. As the number of stores grew, so did the amount of specialty merchandise available. The number of stores reached a peak in 1999, with almost 750 stores worldwide, with the less profitable stores were closed soon after. The stores in Japan were sold to the Oriental Land Company in 2001, the same company that owns Tokyo Disneyland, but were repurchased by Disney in 2010. Currently, there are at least 200 stores in the United States alone, with 479 locations worldwide; the Disney Store also sells items online, shipping all over the United States. The store sells items from all things Disney, Pixar, Marvel, and Lucasfilm.

February 3

February 3, 1986 – Pixar Animation Studios is Founded

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“The best scientists and engineers are just as creative as the best storytellers.” – Steve Jobs

On February 3, 1986, the Pixar Animation Studios was founded by Ed Catmull, Alvy Ray Smith, and Steve Jobs. Its history goes back to 1979, when Ed Catmull was recruited by George Lucas to head Lucasfilm’s new Computer Division. In 1983, after being fired by Disney, Jon Lasseter was brought on to the graphics group of the Computer Division as an “interface designer,” with the goal of having Lasseter bring the group one step closer to the dream of creating a computer animated film. Working together, the group created the short film The Adventures of Andre & Wally B, which was shown at the computer graphics conference SIGGRAPH to critical acclaim for its groundbreaking software developed to create the squash-and-stretch and motion blur techniques. The group also created the Pixar Image Computer, used mostly in government and medical communities (although Disney purchased a number of computers for what would later become the Computer Animation Production System, or CAPS). However, although this software and computer were the most powerful and impressive of their day, Lucas’ interest in the company waned, as he didn’t want to run a company selling software. Catmull and Smith gained Lucas’ blessing to spin off the company and call it Pixar, and found an investor in entrepreneur Steve Jobs, who invested $10 million into the struggling group.

In 1987, Pixar’s short film Luxo Jr. became the first 3D computer animated short film to be nominated for an Academy Award, and the lamp became the symbol of the company; in 1989, Pixar would win an Academy Award for their short film Tin Toy. To keep the company afloat while still working toward their dream, Pixar did commercial work for companies like Tropicana and Trident Gum. Pixar was then able to work on a collaborative effort with Walt Disney Studios, helping develop CAPS further, and Pixar also developed RenderMan, which became an industry standard in computer graphics. Despite all these technical advancements, the company was not able to make a profit, and Jobs contemplated selling it, with Microsoft being one of the potential buyers. Lasseter pitched an idea to the Walt Disney Studios about Pixar creating a 30 minute holiday special based on the award winning short Tin Toy; Disney thought that the short had a potential of being a full-length feature film, and gave Pixar the chance of reaching their dream. The film, Toy Story, became a spectacular success, grossing over $360 million at the box office. Since then, Pixar founded their studio in Emeryville, California, in 2000, and in 2006, was purchased by Disney. Pixar has had an unprecedented string of hits unlike any studio in history, with hit films including a bug’s life, Monsters, Inc., Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up, and Brave.

January 15

January 15, 1975 – The General Electric Carousel of Progress Attraction Opens in Walt Disney World

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“There’s a great big beautiful tomorrow, just a dream away!”

On January 15, 1975, the General Electric Carousel of Progress attraction opened in Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom park, located in Tomorrowland. Based on the original 1964-65 New York World’s Fair attraction, the attraction closed in Disneyland on September 9, 1973 and was moved to Walt Disney World. It greatly changed when it moved to Florida, with one significant change being the theme song of the attraction changing from “There’s a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow” to “The Best Time of Your Life,” which was a reflection of the new philosophy of General Electric. Although General Electric ended their sponsorship with the attraction in 1985, the attraction was kept open and still continues to operate. In 1993, the attraction underwent a rehabilitation, which brought back the original theme song, and also added a specific holiday to each of the four segments. In 1994, it was renamed Walt Disney’s Carousel of Progress.

December 21

December 21, 1992 – The Aladdin’s Royal Caravan Parade Begins at Walt Disney World’s Disney-MGM Studios

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“Prince Ali, fabulous he, Ali Ababwa, genuflect, show some respect, down on one knee!”

On December 21, 1992, the Aladdin’s Royal Caravan parade began its run at the Disney-MGM Studios park in Walt Disney World. Based on the hit Disney animated feature Aladdin, released November 25, 1992, the parade featured the song “Prince Ali,” sung by actor Robin Williams. One feature of the parade were the spitting camel floats, which had their heads turning side to side and shooting water at the crowds. These camels would eventually be a part of the Magic Carpets of Aladdin attraction in Adventureland of the Magic Kingdom. The parade lasted until August 27, 1995, and was replaced by Toy Story – The Parade.

December 15

December 15, 1973 – The Pirates of the Caribbean Attraction Opens in Walt Disney World’s Magic Kingdom

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“Set sail on a swashbuckling voyage to a long-forgotten time and place when pirates and privateers ruled the seas.”

On December 15, 1973, the Walt Disney World version of the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction opened, thanks to its popularity in the original Disneyland park. The attraction is mostly similar to the original Disneyland attraction, although there has been some modification during the 2006 alterations, which included elements from the hit Pirates of the Caribbean film series. Guests enter a world of pirates, entering sites like the Pirates Grotto, the Fort, Town Square, the Burning City, and the Dungeon. The attraction is still one of the most popular attractions in all of Walt Disney World.

November 8

November 8, 1980 – The Attraction Big Thunder Mountain Railroad Officially Opens in Walt Disney World

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“Dash in and out of desert caverns and rumble through a haunted mine aboard a speeding train.”

On November 8, 1980, the attraction Big Thunder Mountain Railroad had its official opening at Walt Disney World’s Frontierland. The attraction had already been in operation since September, and was based on the original attraction in Disneyland. Imagineer Tony Baxter, who designed the original attraction, based it on the scenery he observed in Utah’s Bryce Canyon National Park; the Walt Disney World version was based on Monument Valley, and is 25% larger than the original version. The attraction has become highly popular with guests, and has since been replicated in Tokyo Disneyland and Disneyland Paris.

October 21

October 21, 1972 – The Three-Day Winnie the Pooh for President Parade and Campaign Begins

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“Vote for Pooh in ’72!”

On October 21, 1972, a three-day campaign and parade for the election of Winnie the Pooh for President began at both Disneyland and Walt Disney World. Pooh announced his run for the Demo-Pooh-blican party, with over 50 kids under the age of seven in attendance at the announcement in front of Cinderella’s Castle. His platform was said to have been “disclosing the ‘bear facts’ and bottomless honey jars.” This was the second of three runs Pooh took for political office, with the first being in 1968 as part of On Stage U.S.A, and the third in 1976; the second and third times were tie-ins with the national elections occurring in early November. Pooh was given a special ticker-tape parade down Main Street, and a live stage show with Eeyore and Tigger playing his campaign manager and press secretary, respectfully.

October 19

October 19, 1999 – The Lion King Musical Opens in the West End’s Lyceum Theater

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The Lion King, Disney’s award-winning Broadway musical has roared into the West End with over 40 actors, singers, and dancers performing a spectacular menagerie of a musical at the beautiful Lyceum Theater.” – Darren Dalglish, reviewer for LondonTheater.co.uk

On October 19, 1999, the musical The Lion King opened in the Lyceum Theater in London, England. This version of the musical was the second version of the show to be opened, and the first to be opened internationally. It was led by original Broadway director Julie Taymor, and was produced by Melissa De Melo. It has become the West End’s best-selling stage production, and has, of this year, reached its 15th year of performances. The original West End cast included Roger Wright as Simba; Luke Youngblood as Young Simba; Rob Edwards as Scar; Cornell John as Mufasa; Paulette Ivory as Nala; Pippa Bennett-Warner, Nathalie Emmanuel, and Dominque Moore sharing the role as Young Nala; Josette-Bushell-Mingo as Rafiki; Simon Gregor as Timon; Martyn Ellis as Pumbaa; Gregory Gudgeon as Zazu; Dawn Michael as Sarabi; Stephanie Charles as Shenzi; Paul J. Medford as Banzai; and Christopher Holt as Ed.

September 20

September 20, 2002 – The Studio Ghibli Film Spirited Away is Given a Limited Release in the United States

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“Why should I hire you? Anyone can see you’re a lazy, spoiled crybaby, stupid to boot! I’ve nothing for you – forget it!”

On September 20, 2002, the Studio Ghibli film Spirited Away (known in the original Japanese as 千と千尋の神隠し) was released in the United States in a limited amount of theaters, with a general release on September 27, 2002. The film was written by director Hayao Miyazaki, who was inspired by a friend’s ten-year-old daughter, wishing to write for her a character she could look up to. Disney asked Pixar’s John Lasseter, a fan of Miyazaki’s work, to oversee the English-language version of the film. The film became the most successful film in Japanese history, grossing over $229,000,000 in the Japanese box office. It would go on to win the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards; its success helped solidify the popularity of Studio Ghibli films within the United States, with Disney internationally distributing most of the studio’s library.

The film begins with ten-year-old Chihiro sulking in the backseat as she and her parents drive to their new home. Chihiro hates the move, and doesn’t hesitate to let her parents know. They end up lost on a back road, and Chihiro notices a rather strange stone outside. They come across a dilapidated old building, and although Chihiro doesn’t want to explore, her parents let their curiosity get the best of them. Not wanting to be left alone, she follows them. Her father thinks it’s only an abandoned theme park, but Chihiro still has a bad feeling about the place. Her parents then smell something delicious, and discover a delectable feast. Chihiro refuses to eat, but her parents dig right in. Feeling something isn’t right, Chihiro looks around the buildings, and notices black smoke from the chimney of what appears to be a bath house. She comes across a boy on the bridge, who warns her to escape before it gets dark. As she runs back to her parents, she is shocked to find that they have turned into pigs.

Chihiro runs through the bathhouse, looking for her parents, unable to believe they have been turned into pigs

Chihiro runs through the bathhouse, looking for her parents, unable to believe they have been turned into pigs

Chihiro runs around the bathhouse, and finds she is trapped at the bathhouse, as the nearest town is now far away across a river. As she moans to herself that she must be dreaming, she finds herself disappearing. She then sees several spirits making their way to the bathhouse from a ferry-boat and, frightened, she runs away. She is soon found by the boy from the bridge, who has her eat something so she won’t disappear, assuring her that she will not turn into a pig. He then protects her from a strange bird flying overhead, and takes her through several back passageways until they reach the bridge. He warns her not to breath as they cross the bridge, otherwise the spell keeping her invisible will wear off. A frog leaps into the boy’s face, and Chihiro lets out a breath of surprise, revealing herself. The boy, named Haku, continues to protect her, but gives her directions to go to the boiler room to find Kamaji and ask him for work, so she can stay and save her parents. Once she has work, the witch that runs his world will not be able to harm her.

Although frightened, Chihiro follows Haku’s instructions, ending up at Kamaji’s boiler room. When she asks him for a job, he first ignores her, then tells her that he doesn’t need any more help than the susuwatari that work for him. She assists one of the susuwatari by taking his piece of coal to the furnace, causing the rest of the susuwatari to pretend that they can’t carry their coal, wanting Chihiro to do their jobs. Kamaji then tells her that there is no work for her, just as a girl named Lin enters. As she panics upon seeing Chihiro, Kamaji tells her that Chihiro is his granddaughter. He convinces Lin to take Chihiro to Yubaba for a job, which Lin does begrudgingly. Lin then protects her from a suspicious attendant, leaving Chihiro to travel to Yubaba alone with a strange spirit. At first, Yubaba refuses to let Chihiro work at the bathhouse. She tries to find out who helped her, but Chihiro keeps demanding that she should be given a job. Yubaba then taunts her, but Chihiro tries to remain calm, even thought they are interrupted by a rather large baby.

Chihiro, after her persistent asking, is given a contract by Yubaba

Chihiro, after her persistent asking, is given a contract by Yubaba

Yubaba then agrees to give Chihiro a job as she tried to calm the baby down, and gives Chihiro a contract to sign. Yubaba then takes Chihiro’s name, leaving her as just “Sen.” She calls for Haku, who is tasked to take care of her. As she tries to talk to him, he answers her coldly, telling her to call him “Master Haku.” Haku then calls out to Lin to take care of her, as no one wants to work with a human. In private, Lin reveals that she’s actually a kind person who is happy that Chihiro was able to make it past Yubaba. Lin warns Chihiro to stay away from Haku, as he is Yubaba’s henchman. The next morning, Haku sneaks into the room where Chihiro stays with the other women and tells her to meet him at the bridge, as he will show her where her mom and dad are. As she runs to the bridge, she comes across a strange spirit that seems to be watching her. Haku then meets her and takes her to the pig pen, and she starts to cry after seeing them. As she sits outside, he gives her her old clothes, with the farewell card her friend gave her. Haku tells her that Yubaba controls others by stealing their names, and she needs to remember her real name if she wishes to leave, but must keep it a secret. Haku no longer remembers his real name, but he strangely remembers hers. He kindly offers her food that will help her regain her strength, but she still starts to cry as she realizes what kind of situation she has found herself in. She heads back to her residence and hides her clothes, unaware that the strange spirit from before has followed her.

Work begins for the night, and Chihiro works as hard as she can, although she is given rather challenging tasks. She meets the spirit that’s been following her and leaves the door open for it. Chihiro and Lin are sent to scrub the big tub, which hasn’t been cleaned in ages. Meanwhile, Yubaba senses a spirit coming that she can only call “scum.” As she tries to get a tab for her bath, the foreman refuses her, but the spirit she let in kindly gives it to her. He appears a few minutes later with more tabs, although she refuses them, making him sad. Yubaba is then alerted that a Stink God is at the gate and, while she can’t refuse the customer, she wants to rush it out as soon as possible. Chihiro is then given the job to attend to it, although she struggles due to its stench. The god enters the bath, but needs another tab to clean itself. As Yubaba watches, Chihiro successfully cleans the god, revealing it to be not a Stink God, but a River God. Chihiro then earns the respect of Yubaba and the staff, thanks to her actions.

Chihiro sees Haku getting attacked by the paper birds

Chihiro sees Haku getting attacked by the paper birds

Late that night, the spirit, called No-Face, tempts a frog worker with gold before swallowing him. He then demands to be treated like a customer, using the frog’s voice to speak. He pays everyone with gold he created, and everyone rushes to keep him happy, so long as he gives them gold. Chihiro, however, is the only one not tempted by the gold, and stays in her room. She spies a dragon being attacked by several paper birds, and calls out to him, realizing that the dragon is Haku. The paper birds fly away when Haku crashes into her room, and while she wants to care for his injuries, he flies out to find Yubaba. Chihiro then rushes off to stop him, but is interrupted by No-Face, who offers her a large amount of gold. She refuses him, and No-Face is saddened by this. Angered, he starts eating employees. Meanwhile, Chihiro continues her search for Haku, and breaks into Yubaba’s residence. She then comes across Yubaba’s rather large baby, who threatens to scream and break her arm if she doesn’t play with him. One of the paper birds, which had attached itself to Chihiro, starts talking, mocking the baby. It is then revealed to be Yubaba’s twin sister, Zeniba, who turns the baby into a mouse, and Yubaba’s bird into an insect. She then demands to take Haku to kill him for stealing a magic seal from her, but Chihiro refuses to move.

Haku wakes, breaks the spell that Zeniba cast to appear, and falls down a trap door, taking Chihiro with him. He regains consciousness enough to escape, flying into the boiler room. Chihiro then uses an emetic dumpling she received from the River God to free the seal from inside Haku, which is slowly killing him. The seal is spat out, and Haku is returned to human form, although he is once again unconscious. Kamaji then looks after Haku as Chihiro goes to return the seal to Zeniba. He gives Chihiro a train ticket to help her get to Zeniba’s, although she will have to walk back. As Chihiro looks for Yubaba, No-Face is tearing the place apart, wanting to see Chihiro. He tries to offer Chihiro anything she wants, but she refuses, telling him he should go back to where he came. He tells her that he is really lonely, and demands that she take the old. She gives him the other half of the emetic dumpling, and he releases everyone he ever swallowed. He follows her to the train, once again his silent, semi-transparent self. They all board the train and head to Zeniba’s.

Chihiro and her friends sit on the long journey to Zeniba's

Chihiro and her friends sit on the long journey to Zeniba’s

Haku wakes up later that evening, and asks Kamaji where Chihiro is, and what happened, as he doesn’t remember anything, other than Chihiro calling out for him in the darkness. He then goes to Yubaba, asking if she still hasn’t noticed that she’s lost something precious. She finally realizes that her baby is longer with her, and the gold is just sand. She panics, looking for her baby, and angrily demands that Haku tell her where he is. When she finds that he’s with Zeniba, she sits down in dismay. Haku agrees to get the baby back, but only if she allows Chihiro and her parents to be sent back to their world. Meanwhile, Chihiro and her friends arrive at Zeniba’s, and are greeted by a lamppost that will show them the way. Inside, Zeniba proves to be a kindly witch, but sadly tells Chihiro that she can’t help her, and she will have to do it on her own. When Chihiro tells Zeniba she must go back, she provides Chihiro with a magic hairtie that will protect her. Haku then appears at Zeniba’s, and Zeniba forgives Haku, making him promise to protect her. She then keeps No-Face as her helper as she flies away on Haku’s back. Suddenly, Chihiro has a flashback to when she was little and nearly drowned in a river. She was rescued by Haku, the spirit of the river, and reveals his true name to be Kohaku. He turns back into human form, and thanks her for saving him by giving him back his real name.

They arrive back at the bathhouse, and Yubaba tricks Chihiro again, as Chihiro must guess which pigs are her parents in order to break the spell. Chihiro correctly answers that her parents aren’t there, and the contract is broken, freeing Chihiro and her family. Haku takes her back to her parents, but he can’t take her further than the gate, but he promises they will meet again, although she must not look back when she goes through the tunnel back to her world. Her parents act like nothing has happened, and Chihiro quickly makes her way back, resisting the urge to look back. Chihiro joins her parents as they set off for the new house.