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Tag Archives: 1990s

April 18

April 18, 1994 – Beauty and the Beast: The Broadway Musical Opens on Broadway

“When we’re human again, only human again, when we’re knickknacks and whatnots no more…”

On April 18, 1994, the Beauty and the Beast Broadway musical, Disney’s first musical on Broadway, opened at the Palace Theater on Broadway. Based on the hit 1991 animated film, the musical took most of the songs and plot from the film version, but added some new songs, including a new Howard Ashman and Alan Menken song written for, but never used in, the film (the song, “Human Again,” would be added to the animated film when it was rereleased in 2002). Other new songs added to the film were written by Alan Menken and Sir Tim Rice.

The original cast starred Susan Egan as Belle, Terrence Mann as the Beast, Tom Bosley as Maurice, Burke Moses as Gaston, Gary Beach as Lumiere, and Heath Lamberts as Cogsworth. The show would go on to receive nine Tony Award nominations in 1994, but won only one, for costume. The original cast recording was released on April 26, 1994. The musical ran until 2007, becoming Broadway’s eighth-longest running production. The success of the musical led to worldwide productions, including an Australian production featuring Hugh Jackman as Gaston.

April 12

April 12, 1992 – Euro Disneyland Opens

Image credit: Disneyland Paris Official Website

“In a Magical Kingdom not so far away – somewhere between a place where you wish upon a star and dreams come true – Disney heroes and heroines live in fairytales that are, happily, never ending.”

On April 12, 1992, Euro Disneyland opened in Marne-la-Vallée, France, approximately 20 miles from the center of Paris. Renamed “Disneyland Paris” in 1994, the park is the second Disney park created outside of the United States, the first being Tokyo Disneyland, but is the first to be owned and operated by Disney.

Inspired by success of Tokyo Disneyland, plans for a European Disney park started in the 1980s, and were narrowed down to two areas: one near Barcelona, Spain, and one near Paris, France. Michael Eisner and Frank Wells finally made the decision to go with the area near France, due to its easily accessible location and its fairytale-like landscape. After years of construction, the park was completed, and has been deemed as the most beautiful of all Disney parks by many who cite the latest technology and architecture at the time used in creating the park. Disneyland Paris has the same layout as Disneyland, except the change of name from Tomorrowland to Discoveryland. The park itself consists of two parks—Disneyland Park and Walt Disney Studios Park—as well as an entertainment area called Disney Village. The complex also contains seven Disney-themed hotels.

The park does not come without controversy. Although almost 11 million visitors visited the park its inaugural year, the park lost money, due to both the economic conditions at the time and the interest payments on construction debts. Prominent French figures opposed the park’s construction, and French labor unions held protests. In 1994, the park went through a financial reorganization (including a new name), and in 1995, the park saw its first profit. It is now France’s and Europe’s most visited themed attraction.

April 11

April 11, 1993 – Pooh Corner opens in Disneyland’s Critter Country

Image credit: Disneyland official website

On April 11, 1993, the souvenir store Pooh Corner opened in Critter Country, thanks to the popularity of the Winnie the Pooh series. Pooh Corner allows guests to purchase all sorts of Winnie the Pooh merchandise. The store also includes a bakery called Pooh’s Hunny Spot, where guests can buy sweets and baked goods.

Pooh’s Corner is divided into three sections, the bakery being the most famous of the three, and the biggest draw. It’s located next to the Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh attraction, past Splash Mountain, tucked away in a far corner of Disneyland.

April 7

April 7, 1995 – The Documentary, Frank and Ollie, is Shown at the Cleveland Film Festival

“Seemed like you seldom heard Frank’s name without Ollie’s along with it, or Ollie’s without Frank’s name. It was Frank and Ollie.”

On April 7, 1995, the documentary film, Frank and Ollie, was shown at the Cleveland Film Festival. Written and directed by Frank’s son, Theodore Thomas, it tells the story of Frank Thomas and Ollie Johnston, two members of the elite group of animators at the Disney Studios known as the Nine Old Men.

The documentary is a touching tribute to the friendship of the two, which began at Stanford University in the art department. Through their long tenure at the Walt Disney Studios, the two not only helped pioneer the field of animation, but also used what they learned to help teach other artists, including Brad Bird, who gave them a cameo in The Incredibles. Frank and Ollie goes through their history with the company, from the success of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, the studio’s change during World War II, the unexpected death of Walt Disney, and their work on The Jungle Book. The film also shows their daily lives in California, where the two friends were also next-door neighbors.

Frank Thomas (L) and Ollie Johnston, sitting down and discussing their memories at the studio

Frank and Ollie premiered at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 1995, and then was shown at the Cleveland Film Festival, with a full release to theaters on October 20, 1995, so that the film could be considered for an Academy Award. The documentary received very good reviews upon release, and captures a rare history of life inside the Disney Studios.

April 3

April 3, 1994 – Frank Wells, Former President of The Walt Disney Company, Dies in a Helicopter Accident

“It was Easter Sunday, 1994, and a single event in Nevada’s Ruby Mountains would set in motion an unimaginable chain of events.” – Don Hahn

On April 3, 1994, the President of the Walt Disney Company, Frank Wells, while attempting to return from a ski trip, died in a helicopter crash in the Ruby Mountains of Nevada. It was the only helicopter crash in the company’s history at that point. Wells’ death brought a shadow over the company. Peter Schneider said, “Frank was the peacemaker amongst all these tremendous egos, and when Frank died, there was no one to talk to.” With Wells’ death, the already fragile atmosphere of the Disney Studios began to crumble, especially with Jeffrey Katzenberg lobbying for Wells’ job. Michael Eisner and Roy Disney did not wish to give the job to Katzenberg, and were angry about the amount of publicity Katzenberg seemed to get when promoting a film, instead of the film getting the attention. Wells truly brought life back into the company with Eisner, helping bring about the Disney renaissance. The Lion King, which was in production when Wells died, was dedicated to his memory.

Wells was a classmate of Roy Disney’s in college, and had convinced Disney to make Michael Eisner the chairman of Disney Studios in the 1980s. Disney remarked that the relationship between Eisner and Wells reminded him of his dad and Walt, and brought both on as the heads of the studio. Don Hahn remarked on their partnership, “Michael was kind of the sane one. Frank, he did bold and crazy things like swimming oceans, climbing the great summits of the world, and calling at 3 a.m. to ask what Goofy’s original name was.” Wells kept himself humble while he worked at the top, and was known for being the peacemaker between Eisner, Disney, and Katzenberg. At the memorial service, Michael Eisner said of Wells, “While we all…grieve [Frank’s death], we all share the joy of having known Frank. That is why we are here today, to remember…and to celebrate, to pay tribute to one man who had magic and to share the magic with him through his whole creative life.”

April 2

April 2, 1993 – The Adventures of Huck Finn is Released to Theaters

“Oh, sure, there’s a few stretches here and there, but then I never met anybody who didn’t lie a little when the situation suited him.”

On April 2, 1993, the movie The Adventures of Huck Finn was released to theaters. Based on the best-selling and controversial book by Mark Twain, the film was adapted and directed by Stephen Sommers, and stars Elijah Wood as Huck, Courtney B. Vance as Jim, Robbie Coltrane as The Duke, and Jason Robards as The King. Although the film is good family fare, it does cut out major plot points of the book, including scenes where Tom Sawyer is supposed to appear.

The movie opens with our main character, Huck Finn, getting punched in the face. A fight has ensued between the Huck and another student on the bank of the river, with the other students watching and cheering. After taking a few punches, Huck begins to fight back, giving the other boy a nosebleed. Just as Huck is about to lay the final blow, he notices a strange footprint in the sand. Believing it to belong to his father, he runs alongside the bank of the river and enters the cabin of a slave name Jim, who is able to tell the future. “Pap’s back,” Huck says, and asks Jim to tell him his future, and how long his father plans on staying. Jim’s advice to Huck overall is to run away for a while, and Huck decides that he needs to disappear, permanently.

Huck is caught sneaking back in the house by the Widow Douglass (L) and Miss Watson (R)

Huck returns to the home of the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson, who have taken Huck in and raised him to be a gentleman. After being subjected to the “torture” of being dressed up, Huck sneaks out to play with his friends. When he returns, he finds his father waiting for him back in his room. His father kidnaps him from the widow’s house, and takes him to a small cabin up the river. His father has found out that Huck was left $600 in his mother’s will, and decides that Huck has to die so he can collect the money. A chase ensues, with the drunken man trying to kill Huck with a knife, but when Huck grabs his father’s shotgun, the two remain at a stalemate until morning. When Huck’s father heads to town for supplies, Huck decides to leave once and for all, faking his own death with the help of a wild boar he killed.

Huck decides to head to Jacksons Island, but is alarmed to find Jim there. Jim tells Huck that everyone thinks Huck has been killed by a robber. He also tells Huck that he has become a runaway slave, as a slave trader has offered $800 for him and he was going to be sold by Miss Watson, his owner. Jim has decided to travel to the free states to earn money for his family. Huck, with no other options, decides to help Jim. The first thing Huck does is travel to a house and steal food from a kindly woman, who informs him that everyone thinks Jim has killed Huck and run away. Huck and Jim skedaddle down the Mississippi river to Cairo. Upon finding a wanted poster with Jim’s picture on it, the two decide it will be safest to travel only at night.

Jim tries to explain how wrong slavery is to Huck, but Huck doesn't understand, as it goes against everything he knows

The two find an abandoned ship on the rocks one stormy night, and decide to use it as shelter. As Huck goes down into the ship, he stumbles upon a robbery taking place, just as Jim discovers the corpse of Huck’s father. Huck gets caught as the ship begins to take on water, but manages to escape just in time with Jim. They discover the thieves’ boat on the river and take it. The next morning, Jim asks Huck if he would still help him escape to Cairo, even if his father was dead, but when Huck replies that he would head back home, Jim keeps the news of Huck’s father’s death a secret. Later that night, Jim excitedly declares that he is close to freedom and earning money to buy his wife and children. He adds that if his family won’t be sold to him, he’ll just steal them. Huck is alarmed by this talk, but Jim argues that it’s his family. “Selling people and using them for slaves ain’t right, Huck,” Jim explains, but Huck argues that it’s the way it is and has always been.  Jim tries to explain that all men should be free, but Huck clings to the old ways, and decides that he needs to turn Jim in.

Jim catches on to Huck’s plan, although Huck believes he’s doing the right thing, and going to hell if he helps to set Jim free. While Huck paddles away to get “help,” Jim decides to leave Huck and set out on his own. Fortunately for Jim, Huck changes his mind and lies about who is on the boat, with Jim watching with pride, and rejoins the boy. Later that night, the raft is destroyed by a riverboat, and Huck and Jim get separated. Huck is found and brought into the Grangerford house, where the women of the house clean him up. Huck sees that they found Jim and have him chained up as their new slave. The son of the Grangerford house explains to Huck that they have a feud with the Shepherdson house, and Huck finds himself involved. Although Jim wishes to continue to Cairo, Huck is reluctant, as he wants to stay with the Grangerfords. After seeing the welts on Jim’s back from the overseer’s whip, Huck feels remorse about stopping Jim’s journey, and decides that the two should set off again. Unfortunately, the feud has reached a boiling point, and Huck arrives in time to see his friend Billy, one of the last Grangerfords, get gunned down. Jim finds Huck grieving over Billy’s body, and they set off again.

The Duke (L) and The King, threatening Huck as the con begins to unravel

The two discover they’d passed Cairo by forty miles, and decide to catch a steamboat to take them back upriver. They then find themselves entertaining two con men, known as The Duke and The King. The two see the wanted poster for Jim, and blackmail Huck and Jim into waiting on them hand and foot. The two then stage a con to collect on the will of a man, which disgusts Huck and Jim.  The con men are planning on going “all the way” with this con, stealing everything from the women of the house. Another man in the village, Dr. Robinson, has his suspicions about the conmen, but the family is too involved in conmen’s lie to listen to him. Huck decides to find Jim and leave. Unfortunately, the two men had turned Jim in for the reward. Huck decides to help him escape, until Jim finally tells the truth about Huck’s father. Jim is sorry at Huck’s reaction, and resigns himself to his fate.

As the con grows, Huck finds that he cannot participate any longer. He decides to steal the gold from the men and escape, with the intention of writing a letter to the lady of the house, Mary Jane, to let he know where he hid the treasure. He ends up stuffing the gold in the coffin, and the next day, he informs Mary Jane of the fraudulent brothers. Huck comes up with a plan to make things right, and begins to set the plan in motion. The con is uncovered when the real brothers come into town to claim their inheritance. The mob decides to dig up the grave to see who is telling the truth about being related to the late Peter Wilkes. Huck uses this moment to steal the sheriff’s keys and help Jim escape, and the two make their way to the steamboat.

Huck recovers in bed while Jim tells him that he is now a free man

Unfortunately, as the two head toward the steamboat, the mob begins to shoot at Huck and Jim, and Huck is hit in the back with a bullet. They near the steamboat, but Huck can’t run any further with his injury. Huck urges Jim to run, but Jim gives up his chance for freedom to save Huck. Jim is taken by the mob and is set to be lynched, while Huck lies on the ground, helpless. Just as all seems lost, Mary Jane arrives on the scene, demanding that Jim and Huck be let go. Huck’s injury is treated, and he wakes up in the Wilkes house, seeing Widow Douglass by his side. Jim shows up, letting Huck know that he and his family have become free, due to the stipulations in Miss Watson’s will. Although Huck is happy, isn’t thrilled to be taken back to be civilized again. In the final scenes of the film, Huckleberry takes off to the call of the steamboat.

April 1

April 1, 1995 – The Walt Disney World Water Park, Blizzard Beach, Opens

Summit Plummet - image from the Walt Disney World webpage

On April 1, 1995, Walt Disney World opened the second of its two water parks, Blizzard Beach. The park is sixty-six acres, and features several attractions, including one of the world’s tallest, fastest free-falling waterslide.

The story of how Blizzard Beach came to be is another page in the Disney Legend: There was a freak snowstorm that covered Florida, causing a ski slope to pop up. Unfortunately, the weather went back to being hot, the snow melted, leaving everyone with the question: what to do with the resort now? While everyone was pondering, an alligator saw an opportunity, and slid down the ski-slope with a loud, “Yahoo!” The ski slope was then turned into a water park unlike any in the world.

Included in the park are the attractions Shush Gusher, Teamboat Springs, Toboggan Racer, Snow Stormers, Runoff Rapids, Tike’s Peak, Melt-Away Bay, and Cross Country Creek. Summit Plummet, probably the most spectacular ride, is 120-feet high, with a twelve-story jump. The riders travel at speeds of up to 60 miles per hour.

March 30

March 30, 1992 – The Walt Disney Feature Animation Department Wins the Academy Award for the Development of CAPS

The CAPS System at work

“[CAPS] gives us not only the opportunity to do some really good art, but it also gives us the opportunity to really begin to explore what these computers and graphics things can do for us in kind of shorter pieces where we can get really a little crazy. And I’m looking forward to all of us getting a little crazy.”- Roy Disney

During the 64th Academy Awards ceremony in Los Angeles on March 30, 1992, nine men—Randy Cartwright, David B. Coons, Lem Davis, Thomas Hahn, James Houston, Mark Kimball, Peter Nye, Michael Shantzis, and David F. Wolf—shared an Oscar for a technical innovation developed jointly by the Walt Disney Feature Animation Department and Pixar Studios. Known as CAPS, or Computer Animation Production System, this innovation computerized the ink and paint process of animated films. CAPS allowed the artists to assemble the separate pieces of animation, from the background to the special effects, onto the final film directly. CAPS was first used in an animated feature in the final scene of The Little Mermaid, and was fully used in The Rescuers Down Under.

“One of the technology guys, Lem Davis, thought we could use computers to paint the characters in our films and digitally assemble all the artwork,” Don Hahn said about the CAPS project.

The main negotiators in the CAPS Project

Roy Disney, excited about the opportunity CAPS could give the company, asked Frank Wells, President of the Walt Disney Company, for $10 million to spend on the CAPS program, even though the risk was great, and there was no guarantee of return on the investment. The Disney check went to Alvy Ray Smith, the co-founder of Pixar, the best company to work with when bridging the gap between hand-drawn animation and computer technology. Pixar and Disney employees on the project worked around the clock on the program, with mounting deadlines and quotas. Although The Rescuers Down Under was not a huge success, CAPS received widespread critical acclaim on Beauty and the Beast.

“It was just the basis of what was to come in terms of the 3-D animation process. It was the engine that drove everything else forward,” former chairman Peter Schneider has said about the use of CAPS.

March 29

March 29, 1993 – Aladdin Wins The Academy Award for Best Original Score and Best Original Song, “A Whole New World.”

“With ‘A Whole New World,’ that’s where my whole style took a move into a new place, working with Tim [Rice]. That was also where I gained some confidence that there can be new chapters in my life.” – Alan Menken

The 65th Academy Awards were held on March 29, 1993, in Los Angeles, California. The Disney Studios struck gold again in the categories of Best Original Score and Best Original Song, winning for the animated blockbuster, Aladdin. Alan Menken won for his score for the film, competing against Jerry Goldsmith’s Basic Instinct, John Barry’s Chaplin, Richard Robbins’ Howards End, and Mark Isham’s A River Runs Through It. The song “A Whole New World,” with music by Alan Menken and lyrics by Sir Tim Rice, won for Best Original Song, competing against “I Have Nothing” and “Run to You” from The Bodyguard, “Beautiful Maria of My Soul” from The Mambo Kings, and “Friend Like Me,” also from Aladdin.

Aladdin was the idea of the lyricist Howard Ashman, and was one of his last projects before he died in 1991. Unfortunately, many of the elements in the movie were not working in the opinion of the higher ups (including Jeffery Katzenberg), so many of the songs written by Ashman and Menken were cut; fortunately, “Friend Like Me” is one of the songs that not only stayed intact, but was nominated for Best Original Song. Menken feared that once Ashman was gone, his career would be over. It was suggested that he work with lyricist Tim Rice, and the two dove right in, working on the marketplace song (“One Jump Ahead”), and a song for the magic carpet ride (“A Whole New World”). “A Whole New World” was performed by Lea Salonga and Brad Kane in the film, with a pop version released as a single, performed by Peabo Bryson and Regina Belle. The song was an immense hit, peaking at #1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

March 27

March 27, 1995 – The Lion King is Awarded Two Academy Awards: Best Original Score and Best Song for “Can You Feel the Love Tonight”

Image credit: imdb

 “There’s a rhyme and reason to the wild outdoors, when the heart of this star-crossed voyager beats in time with yours…”

The 67th Academy Awards were held on March 27, 1995, in Los Angeles, California. The Disney Studios continued their good fortune in the categories of Best Original Score and Best Original Song, winning for the animated blockbuster, The Lion King. Hans Zimmer won the award for Best Score, beating out Alan Silvestri’s score for Forrest Gump, Elliot Goldenthal’s Interview with the Vampire, and Thomas Newman’s Little Women and The Shawshank Redemption. Sirs Elton John and Tim Rice won for the song “Can You Feel the Love Tonight,” competing against “Look What Love Has Done” from Junior and “Make Up Your Mind” from The Paper, as well as “Circle of Life” and “Hakuna Matata” from The Lion King.

The version of “Can You Feel the Love Tonight” that exists in the film and the pop version sung by Sir Elton John over the end credits are vastly different lyrically. The song was originally going to be a comic song sung by Timon and Pumbaa (Nathan Lane and Ernie Sabella). After that idea was scrapped, the song was going to be cut from the film, but John insisted that it remain, following the new format of Disney songs beginning when the characters run out of words and can only use song to describe how they feel. The pop version became a hit, peaking at #4 on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart, and is one of the most recognizable Disney songs ever written.